Fruits
Fruits are among the raw materials used in perfumery. Some fruits can be used naturally, while others have to be processed through synthesis, as it is impossible to extract their essence.
Definition of fruity notes
Fruits bring a lot of cheerfulness to fragrances and fruity scent have a real flavour. In perfumery, fruity notes are varied, and many types of fruit are used (red fruit, yellow fruit, watery fruit, exotic fruit, etc.).
Traditionally, fruity notes were mostly integrated in feminine fragrances. But nowadays, masculine fragrances contain more and more fruity scents, including apple, pineapple, melon and watermelon.
Fruity notes have the particularity of being able to be associated with all the other olfactive families in fragrances (citrus, chypre, oriental, etc). Moreover, fruity fragrances are very popular in today's perfumery, because their scents are "regressive", reminiscent of childhood. In particular, they echo the sweets and pastries we used to love and almost immediately provide depth to a fragrance.
In a perfume, fruity notes can be orchestrated in several ways:
- either fresh, subtle and unsweetened, to accompany citrus or fresh flowers, for example.
- to highlight a gourmand signature (cf. Gourmand Facet), which could, for instance, be accentuated by a synthetic caramel note (veltol).
Thus, depending on their orchestration in a perfume, fruity notes can highlight refinement and delicacy, or reveal a rather childish and playful side.
In a fruity fragrance, fruity scents are mainly present in the heart notes (notes that develop over several hours, and which constitute the most characteristic odor of the perfume). However, the juicy, watery fruit will act right from the top notes, which are more volatile, and are felt right after the perfume is sprayed.
Note: fruity notes should not be confused with citrus notes, which are obtained from citrus fruits (cf. Citrus Facet).
Fruits on the perfumer's organ
You should know that there are very few natural fruity notes in perfumery. Fortunately, the discovery of synthetic fruity notes have allowed perfumers to increase their possibilities for creating fruity fragrances. Without the discovery of these synthetic products, there would not have been Guerlain's superb perfume Mitsouko, which was the first to contain the peach note (thanks to the aldehyde molecule C14), in 1919.
Recently, natural raw materials have enriched the perfumer's palette, including natural fruity notes, such as pear, apple ester, or natural raspberry. However, these products are very expensive.
Remember that 1,000 raw materials, both natural and synthetic, are selected by the perfumer, from among the 4,000 materials available in total.
Fruit subfamilies in perfumery
All the fruits used in perfumery can be grouped into several sub-families.
Red berries
- raspberry (reproduced with frambinone in synthesis and in natural isolate)
- strawberry (or C16)
- cherry (created with the association of strawberry and almond)
- wild strawberry (made from C16 and orange blossom)
- blackcurrant and blackcurrant bud (used natural), as well as blueberry and blackberry
Yellow fruits
- fishing (C14)
- plum (created with “the base” of prunol, or prunella)
- apricot (used in composition or with osmanthus, a flower giving an apricot and leathery note)
Exotic fruits
- coconut (C16), which can be used naturally
- mango, pineapple (natural allyl isolates illustrate pineapple)
- bananas (natural amyl isolates exist to illustrate bananas)
- passion fruit (which can be used naturally)
Watery fruits
- melon
- watermelon
Juicy fruits
- pear and apple (both available naturally)
- lychee (built with notes around the rose and the dimethyl sulfide molecule)
- kiwi
Other fruits
- fig (which is a combination of green notes: stemone, coconut and woody notes)
Some other raw materials other than fruits can still give fruity facets. This is, for example, the case of tagete (a herbaceous plant with orange or yellow flowers that has a taste close to passion fruit), davana (aromatic herb from South India), osmanthus (small shrub with white flowers) with its apricot note, resin and fir balsam (a slightly fruity woody note, from balsam fir, a coniferous tree from Canada).
Fruits and synthetic molecules
Here are some synthetic products currently used in perfumery allowing to reproduce the scents of certain fruits:
- Allyl amyl glycolate and allyl caproate: to reproduce a pineapple scent
- Ethyl acetate: to get a banana note
- Verdox; ethyl acetylacetate; damascone alpha: to reproduce an apple scent.
- The berry base: for red fruits and mango (present in Angel by Mugler)
- The citroasis and blackcurrant base: for the blackcurrant note
- Velvetone: for a fruity musk scent
Tip: to decorate your desserts, take some strawberries and pour drops of orange blossom into them. The taste will immediately change to a wild strawberry scent.
Fruity perfumes
The list of perfumes containing fruity scents is very long. Here are some references depending on the fruit used:
Yellow fruit fragrances
- Nahéma Guerlain: peach
- Treasure Lancôme: fishing
- Mitsouko Guerlain: fishing
- Nina Nina Ricci: peach
- Chance Chanel: quince
- Woman Rochas: plum
- Yvresse Yves Saint Laurent: plum
Juicy fruit flavors
- I love Dior: pear
- Petite Chérie Goutal: the pear
- Daisy Marc Jacobs: apple
- Light Blue Dolce Gabbana: apple
- Smeraldo Sylvaine Delacourte: Granny Smith apple
Scents with red fruits
- La Petite Robe Noire Guerlain: cherry
- Lost Cherry Tom Ford: cherry
- In love Again Yves Saint Laurent: blackcurrant
- Shadow In Water Diptych: blackcurrant
- Oscarine Sylvaine Delacourte: raspberry, blackcurrant
- Insolence Guerlain: Wild strawberry
- Kiss of Russia Guerlain: cranberry
- Lolita Lempicka: raspberry
- Yes I Am Pink First Candy Cacharel: raspberry
- Because it's you Armani: raspberry
- Blackberry and Musk L’Artisan Perfumer: blackberry
Exotic fruit fragrances
- Coco Fizz Guerlain: coconut
- Passiflora Guerlain: passion fruit
- Euphoria Calvin Klein: peach and passion fruit
- Live irresistible Givenchy: pineapple and passion fruit
- Angel Mugler: exotic fruits
- Bana Banana L’Artisan Parfumeur: the banana
Fragrances with fig
- Promenade des Anglais Guerlain
- Philosykos Diptyque
- Premier Figuier L’Artisan Parfumeur
- Gardens in the Mediterranean Hermès
- Mandarino Tom Ford
- Di Amalfi Tom Ford
Watermelon fragrances
- Garden After La Mousson Hermès
Osmanthus fragrances
- Osmanthe Yunnan Hermès
- Osmanthus prohibited Parfum d'Empire
- Vahina Sylvaine Delacourte
- Kimonanthe Diptyque
Fragrances with fruit blends
- If Fiori Armani
- Lady Million Paco Rabanne
- Black XS Paco Rabanne
- World Kenzo
Sylvaine Delacourte fragrances
Discover Sylvaine Delacourte's brand with her Orange Blossom, Musks and Vanilla Collections. You can try them thanks to the Discovery Boxes (5 Eaux de Parfum x 2 ml) and rediscover these raw materials as you have never smelled them before.
More articles
Aromatic herbs
Aromatic herbs typically evoke gastronomy, but they are also used in perfumery as raw materials. Aromatic herbs are always present in perfumes belonging to the fougère olfactory family, also known as the fern family. In perfumery, aromatic herbs are fresh and energizing raw materials. Aromatics herbs are classified in three main groups: Lavender notes Mint notes Aniseed notes
Civet
Animal notes of natural origin are today forbidden in the perfume industry. The main ones are civet, musk, castoreum, ambergris and hyraceum. Natural animal notes in perfume creation were used in very subtle fragrances to enhance smoothness in fragrances. Some flowers such as the jasmine, naturally contain animal notes called the indole that can be isolated and used by perfumers to enhance the other notes.
Spices
Spices are among the natural raw materials used in perfumery. There are two categories: fresh spices and hot spices. Fresh spices act mainly as top notes in a perfume, and warm spices will develop mainly as heart and base notes.
Woods
Woods are part of the botanical raw materials used in the perfume compositions, just like fruits and flowers. Many woods can be used in perfumery, such as: sandalwood cedar patchouli vetiver cypress oud wood gaiac wood birch wood
Synthetic raw materials
Modern perfumery was born at the end of the 19th century. At that time, perfumers began to incorporate synthetic ingredients into their formulas, which amplified the palette of the professional, offering them more creativity. It also allows for more abstract olfactory forms. Today, chemists are able to isolate aromatic compounds from a natural raw material, purify them and obtain the molecular structure of the raw material. Once this structure is identified, the specialist will be able to use organic chemistry to recompose the molecules. As pictorial art has acquired a new dimension with synthetic dyes, perfumery has reached new heights and has allowed new scents with synthetic products.
Balms or resins
Balms and resins are raw materials used in the composition of perfumes. They often intervene in fragrances of the oriental or amber family. These materials complement vanilla and bring a note of mystery to the fragrance. Balms and resins are also called balsamic notes. The most used balms and resins in perfumery are myrrh, frankincense, styrax, benzoin, Peru balsam, and Copahu balsam.
Castoreum
Castoreum is a secretion from the beaver. Now banned from use, castoreum is one of the natural animal notes used in perfumery, that also include: Civet Animal musk Ambergris Hyraceum
Flowers
Flowers are raw materials used in perfumery. There are different categories of flowers in perfumery: Green, spring or vegetal flowers White or sensual flowers, solar flowers Roses Spicy flowers Powdery flowers Atypical or rare flowers
Beeswax
“Nothing is more like a soul than a bee. It goes from flower to flower as a soul goes from star to star, and brings back honey as a soul brings back light.” - Victor Hugo, Ninety-three. Beeswax is one of the natural raw materials used in perfumery. The essential oil of honey does not exist, but perfumers are able to orchestrate the honeyed notes of beeswax with many other facets or olfactory families.
Other plant materials
There are animal, synthetic and vegetable raw materials used in perfume compositions. The latter are composed of flowers, fruits, spices, woods, balms and resins. There are also many other plant materials that can be used in a fragrance. We have listed them below.
Musk
Animal musk was one of the animal raw materials used in perfumery, along with civet, castoreum, ambergris and hyraceum. Musk is now banned in perfumery, there are many alternatives to avoid using these natural animal notes. There are perfumes as cool as the flesh of children,Sweet as oboes, green as meadows— And others are corrupt, and rich, triumphant,With power to expand into infinity,Like amber and incense, musk, benzoin,That sings the ecstasy of the soul and senses.- Charles Baudelaire, Correspondance
Ambergris
Ambergris is a concretion secreted by the sperm whale, with the appearance of a grey stone. It is rejected by the animal, floats to the surface and is then harvested. This animal raw material is very rare and therefore very expensive. Under no circumstances the sperm whale is harmed or killed to recover this material, so it is authorised. It is one of the main natural animal notes, just like : Civet Musk Castoreum Hyraceum
Hyraceum
Hyraceum, also called African Stone, is an animal essence used in perfumery. It is part of the natural animal notes, along with civet, musk, castoreum and ambergris.